Pneumatic motor.



PATBNTED JAN. 29, 1907. 'I'. TURNER. PNEUMATIC MUTOR. APPLIGATIUN FILED rEB.27,19o.

No. 842,359A

tkwwut UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 29, 1907.

Application Blad February 27,1908. Serial No. 308,211.

as ordinarily constructed there are several zo serious objections present. In the first place, the operation of the motor imparts disa reeable vibrations, shocks, and jars, Whie are transmitted to the workman and have a deleterious effect upon him. Then,

r again, When outside Valves and like-controlling devices are employed, unless the motor is held with sulicient force to its Work, or if the motive Huid is turned on without ofi'erin some outside resistance to the operation o 2o the hammer or piston, said hammer or piston will strike portions of the c linder or casing and damage and derange t e same, making the motor useless or inoperative.

The principal object in the resent invention is to provide a novel an simple structure that will overcome or eliminate both of the above objections by providing an air or fluid cushion between the handle and the motor and by providing novel valve mech- 3o anism requiring resistance to the hammer before the same may be operated. Another object is to rovide means whereby the strength or resistance of the cushion may be readily varied to suit the different conditions 3 5 of use.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view'through one embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view through the cylinder element and pis- 4o ton-rod. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional View at right angles to Fig. 2, showing the means for limitin the relative movement of the mem bers. i 4 is a horizontal sectional view of a slight y-modiiied form of structure.

Similar'` reference-numerals designate :corresponding parts in all the figures ofthe drawings Referring to the embodiment disclosed in the first three figures, a motor memberr 5 is 5o employed, which may be of any suitable structure comprising, broadly, 'a cylinder or casing 6, within which operates a reciproca-V tory piston or hammer 7. The operation of this motor member is Well known to those skilled in the art, and it is also a Well-known fact that unless a drill-stem or other. tool.-

shank is opposed to the blows of the hammer or piston 7 said hammer or piston will strike the inwardly-projecting portions of the casing or cylinder 6 and batter the same out of 6o shape, thereby ruining the structure.

Associated with the motor member 5 is a pressure member 8, which in a more restricted sense is a handle member. It comprises a suitable handle-grip 9, having at one end a cylinder element which includes a guidesleeve 10. Within the inner portion ,of the' guide-sleeve is located a cylinder l1, having a removable head or cap 12threaded thereon and constituting the means for retaining 7o the c linder in place. Carried by the motor mem er 5 is a piston element comprisingla shank 13, threaded into the rear end of the casing 6 of the motor member, as shown at 14, and having a reduced piston-rod portion 15 projecting from its rear end, said istonrod being slid able in the cylinder 1 1. ountedon the inner end portion of the piston-rod 15 is a piston that operates in the cylinder 11 and com rises relatively rotatable disks 3o 16, held infp ace by a nut 17, threaded on the innerendo the piston-rod. The disks 16 have openings 18 therethrough, which are arranged to be placed in or out of alinement by the relative rotation of the disks. The motor and handle members are thus connected, but are relatively movable, this movement being limited, however, by a pin 19, carried by the iston element and operating in a slot 20, ormed in the sleeve 10 of the handle 9o element.

Motive fluid from an suitable source is supplied through a nipp e 21, carried by the sleeve4 1U, and having a supply-port 22 therethrough. The piston element is provided with a channel 23, having an inlet end or port alwa s in. communication with the port 22, said7 channel extending longitudinally through the piston-rod 15 and having an outlet communicating with the interior of u 0 the cylinder in rear-of the piston. Another port 24, formed in the sleeve 10, has communication with suitable air-actuating packing 25, surrounding the shank 13. The motive fluid for operating the motor 5 is conm5 ducted to said motor through a channel 26, formed partially in one wall of the casing 6.. and partially in the shank 13 of the piston element, saidch'annel 26 having an inlet-port 27 that is movable into and out of alinement I 10 wi h the supply-port 22. 1

he operation of thisembodiment oiV the and motor members away ronreach ether.4

' As aresult, the inlet-port 27of the motive- 'o alinement.

duid-supply channel 26 will be moved' out oflalinement with the port 22, and no motive fluid will thus pass through said channel. Consequently it will` be'noted that the handle member also constitutes a valve member. It will be evident from the abovethat air or other motive iiuid cannot enter the motor until a tool has been placed therein and the handle has been forced downwardly against the pressure in the cylinder 11 tov bring the ports 2 2 and 27 into communication. When this has been done, there is suficient force applied b` A theiworkmen to the structure to properly old the motor to its work, aud` consequently all danger of jamming or battering the casing is eliminated, for as soon asithe operator releases his pressure against the machine suicientlyto permit the air or `motive-fluid pressure to operate on the piston'inthc cylinder 11V the motor and handle `mernberswill be relatively moved so as to carry the ports 22 and 27 out The pressure required to thus throw the motor into operation can be varied, for the effective pressure area of the piston 11 can be varied. For instance, if the openings 18 are disposed out of alinement theair-pressure is against the entire rear surface of the piston and piston-rod; but'if the openings are placed in alinement, the pressure on the disksis balanced, and conseuently the effective pressure area is practically the diameter of the piston-rod. At the same time these cylinder and piston elements ,are performing another function, for

they form an air-cushion between the han-A dle member and the motor member, so that the vibrations,. shocks, and jars of the latter are taken u in this cushion, are not transmitted to t e handle vmember, and consequently not to the hand of the operator. A structure of this character is therefore peculiarly effective in that class of pneumatic or other fluid-operated motors 1n which the pressure action ismanually controlled.

A slightly-different and more simple form of `the Invention is disclosed in Fig. 4. In this embodiment the motor member 5' is of any desired or well-known form, and the handle member 8,"l consists of a grip 9'l anda c linder element comprising a sleeve 10EL an a counterbored portion 11, forming a c linder. The iston element consists of a s ank 13, carried by the motor member and having a reduced piston portion 16, that operates in the cylinder 11. Motive Huid is snpplied through a port 22 in a nipple 217, and

this port is in communication with the inlet of a channel 23, extending through the piston element and communicatin with the cylinder 11". The supply-channe 26 to the motor has an inlet-port 27 "L, that. is movable into and out of alinement with the port 22". It will be clear that the operation of this structure is substantiall the same as that already described, and it as the same advantages excepting the means for securing the variable air-pressure. A further description of thesanie is thereforeV believed to be unnecessary.

From the foregoing it is thought thatthe construction, operation, and many advantages of the herein-described invention will be a parent to those skilled in the art `without urther description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion, and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages o the invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a pneumatic tool, the combination with a motor member, of acylinder element, a piston element o erating in the cylinder element, one of sai elements being connected 'to the motor member, and a supply-conduit opening through the cylinder element, said lston element having a channel providedp'with an inlet end communicating with the conduit, and an outlet communicating with the interior of the cylinder on one side of the piston to admit motive fluid to said cylinder element for eiecting the relative movement of the cylinder and piston elements.

2. In a pneumatic tool, the combination with a motor member, of a cylinder element, a piston element operating in the cylinder element, one of said elements being connected to the motor member, said piston element also having a port that permlts the passa e of the motive fluid into the cylinder on t e olpposite side of the piston, and means for c osing the port.

3. rIn a pneumatic tool, the combination with a motor member, of a cylinder element, a piston element operating in the cylinder element, one 'of said elements being connected to the motor member, and a supply-conduit having a supply-port opening through 'the cylinder element, said iston relement having channels, both of whic communicate with the su ply-port, one of said channels communicating with the interior of the cylinderon one side of the piston to admit motive uid to said cylinder elementfor effecting the relative movement of the cylinder and piston elements, the other communieatin with the motor member. i I V 4. n a .pneumatic tool, the combination IIO' . which the posite directions, and onecommunicating with the interior of the cylinder, the other communicating with the motor member, said latter channel havingits inlet end movable into and out of communication with the port.

5. In a Apneumatic tool the combination with amotor member, of a cylinder element, a piston element operating therein, one of said elements being connected to the motor member, a supply-conduit connected to one -element, the votherv element4 having channels,

t both communicating with the'conduit, one of said channels communicating withl the' cylinder on one side of the piston, the other communicating with the motor, member and having its inlet en d movable 'into' and out of communication with the su ply-conduit.

`6. In a pneumatici; ooi; the combination with a motor member, 'cfa cylinderelement,

a p' tntelement snugly Vfitted therein and cout/iis ected to the motor member, said piston element having a `channel communicating with the motor member at one end and having an offset inlet end, and a sup ly-conduit having a port opening through t e cylinder element and disposed4 in line with the path of amovement of the inlet. 7. 'In a'pneumaticv tool, the combination With a motor member, of a cylinder, element,

a piston element o erating in the cvlinder element, one of said e ements being connected to the motor memberfand'means for introducing motive fluid into the cylinder on one Side of the piston, said means including portsf carried by the piston ancylinder andiarrangcd in alinement. e

8. In a pneumatic tool,- the combinati on with a motor member, of a ,cylinder element, a piston element operating in the cylinder ele'- ment, one of said e the motor member, and `means 4for introducing motive Huid into the cvlindercn cne -Y ements being connected to side of the piston, said means includin a supply-nip le connected to the cylinder e ement,

and a c annel formed in the piston element and communicating with the nipple and with the cylinder element at one side of the piston.

9. In a pneumatic tool, the combination with al motor member, of a cylinder element and piston element operating in the cylinder element, one of said elements being connected'to the motor member, means for introduc- Aing motive iiuid to the cylinder element on one side of the piston element, said piston ele- Jment having an opening therethrou h, and

means carried by t e piston element or closing said opening.

10. In a pneumatic tool, the combination with a motor member, of a cylinder element and piston element operating in the cylinder element, one of said elements being connected tothe motor member, and means for introducing motive fluid to the cylinder member on one side of the piston element, said iston element comprising relatively rotatale parte having openings that are movable into and out of alinement.

11. In a neumatic tool, the Vcombination with a hand e member having a cylinder, of a motor member having a piston element operating inl the cylinder, and a supply-nipple connected to the cylinder, said iston having a channel that communicates with the nipple and with'the cylinder in rear of tliepiston.

12. In a neumatic tool, the combination with a handle member having a cylinder element, of a motor member havin a piston element operating in the cylinder e ement, and a motive-fluid su ply having a port through one of the c lin er-Walls, said piston element having a c annel communicating with the port and With the c linder on one side. of the piston, s aid piston el element.

In testimony that I claim theforegoing as the presence lof two Witnesses.

-THOMAS TURNER. Witnesses:

c. F. HYATT, E. G. ALLEN.

myown I have hereto aii'ixed my signature in ement also having a supply-channel that communicates with they mo- ,tor member and is movable into andout of communication With the port of the cylinderA 

